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Charles Hildebolt

Charles Hildebolt

Professor of Radiology
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology

Office: East Building 3351
Tel: (314)362-8410
Fax: (314)362-6971

hildeboltc@mir.wustl.edu

Education

B.S., Microbiology, Ohio State University - 1966
D.D..S., Dentistry, Ohio State University - 1970
M.A., Physical Anthropology, Washington University - 1985
Ph.D., Physical Anthropology, Washington University - 1987

Background

Charles Hildebolt received a BS and DDS from Ohio State University. He spent 2½ years in the US Army at William Beaumont General Hospital in El Paso, Texas. After having a private dental practice for 9 years in Beavercreek, Ohio, he attended Washington University, where he received a master's degree and PhD in Physical Anthropology. Until the Washington University School of Dental Medicine closed in 1991, he had joint appointments at the Schools of Dental Medicine (Diagnostic Services) and Medicine (Radiology). He is currently a Professor of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine, Adjunct Professor of Anthropology Washington University, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor Saint Louis University Center of Advanced Dental Education, and biostatistical consultant for Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine.

Research Interests

Charles Hildebolt’s long-term goal is to identify treatments that minimize oral bone loss. To achieve this goal, he is investigating new methods for using digital dental radiographic images to obtain oral bone mass measurements. He intends to use these methods for osteoporotic risk assessment, treatment monitoring, and research. With methods that he and his colleagues have developed, they have found that oral bone loss is associated with femoral and vertebral bone loss and that estrogen and/or vitamin D and calcium can reduce this bone loss. He and his colleagues are currently investigating the extent to which increased intakes of vitamin D and calcium improve oral health in adults. The possibility of promoting alveolar bone gain or reducing alveolar bone loss with vitamin D and calcium supplementation could have a significant impact on quality of life by leading to a reduction in surgical treatments aimed at repairing or minimizing alveolar bone damage caused by periodontal disease, a decrease in tooth loss attributable to alveolar bone loss, a decline in the placement of implants or prosthetic devices (bridges and partial dentures) to replace lost teeth, and a reduction in the number of denture remakes and relines required because of alveolar bone resorption. Charles Hildebolt and his colleagues are currently working on a system that uses photostimulable phosphor plates for improved oral-bone measurement in research projects. They are also studying disease induced changes in the microstructure of alveolar bone (that is, the trabecular structure of cancellous bone and the osteon structure of cortical bone). Other areas for which Charles Hildebolt has research interest include morphometric variation in skulls, brains, and teeth of contemporary humans and fossil hominids.

Prefessor Hildebolt is on the editorial boards of Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology (DMFR) and Calcified Tissue International (CTI), is an sub- editor for image guided treatment for Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics (OOOOE), and is an ad hoc reviewer for 14 other journals. He is a grant proposal reviewer for the National Institutes of Health, Whitaker Foundation, United States Army, National Science Foundation, British Columbia Health Care Research Foundation, and Hospital for Sick Children Foundation, Sheffield Hospitals Charitable Trust, Wellcome Trust, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He is the Councilor for Educational Affairs on the Executive Council of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.

Affiliations/Professional Studies

Sigma Xi, Washington University
American Statistical Association
American Dental Education Association
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Association of Dental Anthropology
American Association of University Professors
American Association for Dental Research
International Association for Dental Research - Craniofacial Biology Group, Diagnostic Systems Group, and Periodontal Research Group
International Association of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Radiological Society of North America

Publications

Selected peer-reviewed articles (from 173 total):

  1. Hildebolt CF, Bate C, McKee JK, Conroy GC:  The Microstructure of Dentine in Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Studies.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70(1):39-46, 1986.
  2. Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW:  3-D Measurement Accuracy of Skull Surface Landmarks, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 76(4):497-503, 1988.
  3. Hildebolt CF, Molnar S, Elvin-Lewis M, McKee J:  The Effect of Geochemical Factors on Prevalences of Dental Diseases for Prehistoric Inhabitants of the State of Missouri.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 75(1):1-14, 1988.
  4. Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW:  Automated Classification of Periodontal Diseases using Bitewing Radiographs.  Journal of Periodontology 59(2):87-94, 1988.
  5. Hildebolt CF, Elvin-Lewis M, Molnar S, McKee J:  Caries Prevalences Among Geochemical Regions of Missouri.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:79-92, 1989.
  6. Falk D, Konigsberg L, Helmkamp C, Cheverud J, Vannier MW, Hildebolt CF:  Endocranial Suture Closure in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) American Journal of Physical Anthropology 80:417-428, 1989.
  7. Falk D, Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW:  Reassessment of the Taung Early Hominid from a Neurological Perspective.  Journal of Human Evolution 18:485-492, 1989.
  8. Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW:  Validation Study of Skull 3D-CT Measurements.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82(3):283-294, 1990.
  9. Cheverud J, Falk D, Vannier MW, Konigsberg L, Helmkamp RC, Hildebolt C:  Heritability of Brain Size and Surface Features in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).  Journal of Heredity 81:51-57, 1990.
  10. Konigsberg LL, Falk D, Hildebolt CF, Cheverud J, Helmkamp RC, Vannier MW:  External Brain Morphology in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).  Journal of Human Evolution, 19:269-284, 1990.
  11. Falk D, Hildebolt CF, Cheverud J, Vannier MW, Helmkamp RC, Konigsberg L:  Cortical Asymmetries in Frontal Lobes of Rhesus Monkeys.  Brain Research 512:40-45, 1990.
  12. Cheverud J, Falk D, Hildebolt CF, Moore A, Helmkamp RC, Vannier MW:  Heritability and Association of Cortical Petalias in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).  Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 35:368-372, 1990.
  13. Falk D, Hildebolt CF, Cheverud J, Kohn LAP, Figiel G, Vannier MW:  Human Cortical Asymmetries Determined with 3D MR Technology.  Journal of Neuroscience Methods 39:185-191, 1991.
  14. Hildebolt CF, Phillips-Conroy JE, Jolly CJ, Schaefer J:  Alveolar Bone Loss in  Wild Baboons, American Journal of Primatology 29:61-72, 1993.
  15. Phillips-Conroy JE, Hildebolt CF, Altmann J, Jolly CJ, Muruthi P:  Periodontal Health in  Free-ranging Baboons of  Ethiopia and Kenya.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 90(3):359-371, 1993.
  16. Molnar S, Hildebolt CF,  Molnar IM, Radovcic J, Gravier M:  Hominid Enamel Thickness:  I. The Krapina Neandertals.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 92:131-138, 1993.
  17. Hildebolt CF, Rupich R, Vannier MW, Zerbolio DJ,  Shrout MK, Cohen S, Pinkus A:  Interrelationships between bone mineral content measures:  Dual energy radiography (DER) and bitewing radiographs (BWX). Journal of Clinical Periodontology 20(10):739-745, 1993.
  18. Hildebolt CF, Bartlett, TQ, Brunsden BS, Hente NL, Gravier MJ. Walkup RK, Shrout MK, and Vannier MW Bitewing-based Alveolar Bone Densitometry: Resolution Requirements for Digital Imaging.  Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology 23:129-134, 1994.
  19. Falk D, Hildebolt CF, and Vannier MW:  Relationship of Squamosal Suture to Asterion on External Skull Surfaces Versus Endocasts of Pongids:  Implications for Hadar Early Hominid AL 162-28.  Am J Phys Anthropology 93:435-439, 1994.
  20. Hildebolt CF, Bartlett TQ, Shrout MK, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Rupich RC:  Image-based Quantification of Alveolar Bone.  Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 37:155-176,1994.
  21. Falk D, Hildebolt, C, Vannier MW:  Brain expansion and rotation during hominid evolution.  Human Evolution 11:27-33, 1996.
  22. Hildebolt CF:  Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology 26:3-15, 1997.
  23. Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Dotson M, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Muckerman J, Hauser J, Cohen S, Kardaris E, Vannier MW, Hanes P, Shrout MK, Civitelli R.  Attachment Loss with Postmenopausal Age and Smoking. J Periodont Res 32:619-625, 1997.
  24. Hildebolt CF, Brunsden B, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Pilgram TK, Townsend KE, Vannier MW, Shrout MK.  Comparison of Reliability of Radiodensity Measures of Alveolar Bone Loss Performed with Manual and Computer Intensive Methods. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology, 27:245-250, 1998.
  25. Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Fletcher G, Helbig JL, Bartlett TQ, Gravier M, Vannier MW, Shrout MK. Reliability of linear alveolar bone loss measurements of mandibular posterior teeth from digitized bitewing radiographs.  Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 25:850-856, 1998.
  26. Stout SD, Brunsden BS, Hildebolt CF, Commean PK, Smith KE, Tappen NC.  Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of serial sections of cortical bone to determine 3D structure of osteons.  Calcified Tissue International, 65:280-284, 1999.
  27. Pilgram TK, Hildebolt CF, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Dotson M, Cohen S, Hauser J, Kardaris E .  Relationships between longitudinal changes in radiographic alveolar bone height and probing depth measurement:  data from postmenopausal women, J Periodontol ,70:829-833, 1999.
  28. Pilgram TK, Hildebolt CF, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Dotson M, Cohen S, Hauser J, Kardaris E.  Relationships between radiographic alveolar bone height and probing attachment level:  data from healthy post-menopausal women. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 27:341-346, 2000.
  29. Hildebolt CF, Couture RA, Whiting BR.   Dental photostimulable phosphor radiography.  Dental Clinics of North America. 44:273-297, 2000.
  30. Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Vannier MW, Dotson M, Muckerman J, Hauser J, Cohen S, Kardaris E, Hanes P, Shrout MK, Civitelli R.  Alveolar bone height and postcranial bone mineral density:  negative effects of cigarette smoking and parity J Periodontol, 71:683-689, 2000.
  31. Couture RA and Hildebolt CF.  Quantitative dental radiography with a new photostimulable phosphor system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 89:498-508, 2000.
  32. Siegel MJ, Bhalla, S, Gutierrez FR, Hildebolt C, Sweet S. Post-lung transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome:  usefulness of expiratory thin-section CT for Diagnosis. Radiology, 220:455-462, 2001.
  33. Couture RA and Hildebolt CF.  Precise image-receptor calibration and monitoring of beam quality with a step wedge.  Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology, 31:56-62, 2002.
  34. Pilgram TK, Hildebolt CF, Dotson M, Cohen SC, Hauser, JF, Kardaris E, Civitelli R. Relationships between clinical attachment level and spine and hip bone mineral density: data from healthy postmenopausal women.  J Periodontol, 73(3), 298-301, 2002.
  35. Civitelli R., Pilgram TK, Dotson M, Muckerman J, Lewandowski N, Armanmento-Villareal R, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Kardaris E, Hauser J, Cohen S, Hildebolt CF. Alveolar and postcranial bone density in postmenopausal women receiving hormone/estrogen replacement therapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162:1409-1415, 2002.
  36. Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Vannier MW, Dotson M, Muckerman J, Armanmento-Villareal R, Hauser J, Cohen S, Kardaris E, Hanes P, Shrout MK, Civitelli R.  The pattern of alveolar crest height change in healthy postmenopausal women after 3 years of hormone/estrogen replacement therapy. J Periodontol, 73:1279-84, 2002
  37. Teefey SA, Hildebolt CF, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA, Peters MG, Heiken JP, Brown JJ, McFarland EG, Middleton WD, Balfe DM, Ritter JH. Detection of primary hepatic malignancy in liver transplant candidates: prospective comparison of CT, MR, imaging, US, and PET. Radiology 226:533-42, 2003.
  38. Siegel MJ, Lee EY, Sweet SC, Hildebolt C. CT of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric recipients of lung allograft.  American J Roentenol 181:1125-31, 2003. 
  39. Shrout MK, Jett S, Mailhot, JM, Potter BJ, Borke JL, Hildebolt CF.  Digital image analysis of cadaver mandibular trabecular bone patterns.  J. Periodontal 1342-7, 2003.
  40. Couture RA, Whiting BR, Hildebolt CF, Dixon DD.  Visibility of trabecular structures in oral radiographs.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 96:764-71, 2003.
  41. Teefey SA, Rubin DA, Middleton WD, Hildebolt CF, Leibold RA, Yamaguchi K. Detection and quantification of rotator cuff tears. Comparison of ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic findings in seventy-one consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A:708-16, 2004.
  42. Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Dotson M, Armanmento-Villareal R, Hauser J, Cohen S, Kardaris E, Civitelli R.  Estrogen and/or calcium + vitamin D increase mandibular bone mass.  Journal of Periodontology 75:811-816 2004.
  43. Siegel MJ, Schmidt B, Bradley D, Suess C, Hildebolt C. Radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CT: effect of technical factors and phantom size and shape. Radiology 233:515-522, 2004.
  44. Falk D. Hildebolt CF, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Brown P, Jatmiko, Saptomo WE, Brunsden B, Prior F. The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis.  Science Express, March, 2005 and/or Science 308:242-245, 2005.
  45. Dixon DA, and Hildebolt CF. An overview of radiographic film holders. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 34:67-73, 2005.
  46. Couture RA, Dixon D, Hildebolt C. A precise receptor-positioning device for subtraction radiography, based on cross-arch stabilization. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 34:231-236, 2005.
  47. Farria DM, Schmidt ME, Monsees BS, Smith RA, Hildebolt C, Yoffie R, Monticciolo DL, Feig SA, and Bassett LW Professional and economic factors affecting access to mammography: A crisis today, or tomorrow? Cancer 104:491-498, 2005.
  48. Joe BN, Chen VY, Salibi NS, Fuangtharntip P, Hildebolt CF, Bae KT. Evaluation of (1)H-MR Spectroscopy of Breast Cancer Pre- and Post-Gadolinium Administration.  Investigative Radiology40:405-11, 2005.
  49. Hildebolt CF. Effect of vitamin D and calcium on Periodontitis.  Journal of Periodontology.  76:1576-1587, 2005
  50. Bae KT, Tao C, Gurel S, Hong C, Zhu F, Gebke TA, Milite M, and Hildebolt CF. Effect of patient weight and scanning duration on contrast enhancement during pulmonary multidetector CT angiography. Radiology 242:582-9, 2007.
  51. Joe BN, Suh J, Hildebolt CF, Hovsepian DM, Johnston B, and Bae KT. MR volumetric measurements of the myomatous uterus: improved reliability of stereology over linear measurements. Academic Radiology 14:455-62, 2007.
  52. Saxena MT, Aton SJ, Hildebolt C, Prior JL, Abraham U, Piwnica-Worms D, and Herzog ED.  Bioluminescence imaging of period1 gene expression in utero. Molecular Imaging: Official Journal of the Society for Molecular Imaging 6:68-72, 2007.
  53. Siegel MJ, Hildebolt CF, Bae KT, Hong C, White NH. Total and Intraabdominal Fat Distribution in Preadolescents and Adolescents: Measurement with MR Imaging. Radiology 242:846-856, 2007. PMID: 17244720
  54. Falk, D., Hildebolt,C., Smith, K., Morwood, M.J., Sutikna, T., Jatmiko, Saptomo, W.E., Imhof , H., Seidler, H. & Fred Prior. Brain shape in human microcephalics and Homo floresiensis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America (PNAS)  104: 2513-2518; published online before print as 10.1073/pnas.0609185104, 2007. PMID: 17311766
  55. Rutz JC, Hatton JF, Hildebolt C, Wells JE, and Rowland KC Localized increases in corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in pulp after dental injury. Journal of Endodontics 33:1319-24, 2007.
  56. Prior F, Commean P, Ju T, Hastings M, Hildebolt C, Sinacore D. Developing a Biomarker for Neuropathic Arthropathy in Diabetic Patients.  IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2007; 13-16. IEEE Xplore DOI 10.1109/LSSA.2007.4400873
  57. Bae KT, Seeck BA, Hildebolt CF, Tao C, Zhu F, Kanematsu M, and Woodard PK. Contrast enhancement in cardiovascular MDCT: effect of body weight, height, body surface area, body mass index, and obesity. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology 190:777-84, 2008. PMID: 18287452
  58. Carter L, Farman AG, Geist J, Scarfe WC, Angelopoulos C, Nair MK, Hildebolt CF, Tyndall D, Shrout M, and American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial R American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology executive opinion statement on performing and interpreting diagnostic cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics 106:561-2, 2008.
  59. Falk, D., Hildebolt, C., Smith, K., Jungers, W. L., Larson, S. G., Morwood, M.J., Sutikna, T., Jatmiko, Saptomo, E.W., Prior, F. The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis did not have Laron Syndrome, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140:52-63, 2009. PMID: PMID 19294744 
  60. Falk, D., Hildebolt, C., Smith, K., Morwood, M.J., Sutikna, T., Jatmiko, Saptomo, E.W. & Prior, F. LB1’s virtual endocast, microcephaly, and hominin brain evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 57:597-607, 2009 PMID: 19254807
  61. Massoumzadeh P, Don S, Hildebolt CF, Bae KT, Whiting BR. Validation of CT dose-reduction simulation. Medical Physics; 36(1):174-89, 2009. PMID: 19235386
  62. Prior F, Brunsden B, Hildebolt C, Nolan T, Pringle M, Vaishnavi SN, Larson-Prior, L, Facial Recognition from Volume Rendered Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. IEEE Trans. Inf. Tech. Biomed, 13(1):5-9, 2009. PMID: 19129018
  63. Dixon D, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Garcia MN, Pilgram TK, Couture RA, Anderson Spearie C, and Civitelli R Calcium and vitamin D use among adults in periodontal-disease maintenance programs. British Dental Journal, 206, No 12: 627-631, discussion 617, 2009. PMID: 19557061
  64. Miley DD, Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Shannon W, Couture RA, Anderson Spearie C, Dixon D, Langenwalter EM, Mueller C, and Civitelli R (2009) Cross-sectional study of the effects of vitamin D and calcium oral supplementation on Periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology 80:1433-9, 2009. PMID: 19722793
  65. Hildebolt CF, Couture RA, Garcia MN, Dixon D, Miley DD, Shannon W, Mueller C, Langenwalter E, Anderson Spearie C, and Civitelli R Alveolar bone measurement precision for phosphor-plate images. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics, 108:e96-e107, 2009. PMID: 19716499
  66. Reyes E, Hildebolt C, Langenwalter E, and Miley D Abfractions and attachment loss in teeth with premature contacts in centric relation: clinical observations. J Periodontol 80:1955-62 , 2009. PMID: 19961379
  67. Sati P, Cross AH, Luo J, Hildebolt CF, and Yablonskiy DA (2010) In vivo quantitative evaluation of brain tissue damage in multiple sclerosis using gradient echo plural contrast imaging technique. Neuroimage 51:1089-97. PMID: 20338247
  68. nderson L, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Reading CC, Langer JE, Desser T, Szabunio MM, Hildebolt CF, Mandel SJ, and Cronan JJ (2010) Hashimoto thyroiditis: Part 1, sonographic analysis of the nodular form of Hashimoto thyroiditis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:208-15. PMID: 20566818
  69. L, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Reading CC, Langer JE, Desser T, Szabunio MM, Mandel SJ, Hildebolt CF, and Cronan JJ (2010) Hashimoto thyroiditis: Part 2, sonographic analysis of benign and malignant nodules in patients with diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:216-22. 149. PMID: 20566819
  70. Roseman CC, Willmore KE, Rogers J, Hildebolt C, Sadler BE, Richtsmeier JT, and Cheverud JM (2010) Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:1-12. PMID: 20623673
  71. Khanna G, Jaju A, Don S, Keys T, and Hildebolt CF (2010) Comparison of Haller index values calculated with chest radiographs versus CT for pectus excavatum evaluation. Pediatr Radiol 40(11):1763-1767. PMID: 20473605
  72. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Brown P, Jungers W, Larson S, Sutikna T, and Prior F Nonpathological asymmetry in LB1 (Homo floresiensis) (2010) A reply to Eckhardt and Henneberg. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:340-342. PMID: 20809506
  73. Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Spearie CL, Langenwalter EM, Shannon WD, Deych E, Mueller C, Civitelli, R (2011) One-year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 82(1):25-32. PMID: 20809866
  74. Miley DD, Baumgartner MH, Cheverud JM, Roseman CC, Rogers J, McLeod DE, Reyes E, and Hildebolt CF (2010) Heritability of Alveolar Bone Loss From Periodontal Disease in a Baboon Population. A Pilot Study. J Periodontol. PMID: 21043800
  75. Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Spearie CL, Langenwalter EM, Shannon WD, Deych E, Mueller C, Civitelli, R (2011) Response to:  Calcium Supplements-Friend or Foe?, Murad, M. J Periodontol (In Press).
  76. Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Spearie CL, Langenwalter EM, Shannon WD, Deych E, Mueller C, Civitelli, R (2011) One-year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 82(1):25-32. PMID: 20809866
  77. Miley DD, Baumgartner MH, Cheverud JM, Roseman CC, Rogers J, McLeod DE, Reyes E, and Hildebolt CF (2010) Heritability of Alveolar Bone Loss From Periodontal Disease in a Baboon Population. A Pilot Study. J Periodontol. PMID: 21043800
  78. Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Spearie CL, Langenwalter EM, Shannon WD, Deych E, Mueller C, Civitelli, R (2011) Response to:  Calcium Supplements-Friend or Foe?, Murad, M. J Periodontol (In Press).